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Confirming the Perceived Website Clutter Questionnaire (PWCQ)

Poor layout, irrelevant ads, overwhelming videos: websites can be cluttered. Clutter can lead to a poor user experience. Poor experiences repel users. So how does one measure clutter? Earlier, we did a deep dive into the literature to see how clutter has been first defined and then measured. We found the everyday concept of clutter

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Building a Website Clutter Questionnaire

Clutter, clutter everywhere, nor any questionnaire to measure. In a previous article, we described our search for a measure of perceived clutter in academic literature and web posts, but we were left unquenched. We found that the everyday conception of clutter includes two components that suggest different decluttering strategies: the extent to which needed objects

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What You Get with Specific Sample Sizes in UX Problem Discovery Studies

What sample size should you use for a problem discovery (formative) usability study? In practice, the answer is based on both statistics AND logistics. A statistical formula will tell you an optimal number to select. But the real-world logistical constraints of budgets, recruiting challenges, and time will often dictate the maximum number of participants you

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Sample Sizes for Usability Studies:
One Size Does Not Fit All

“How many participants should you run in a usability study?” How many times have you heard that question? How many different answers have you heard? After you sift through the non-helpful ones, probably the most common answer you’ve heard is five. You might have also heard that these “magic 5” users can uncover 85% of

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You Can Report Percentages with Small Samples, but Should You?

In an earlier article, we demonstrated how it’s completely permissible from a statistical perspective to report numbers when studies have very small sample sizes (fewer than ten people). When you use numbers, you can present them as raw numbers, fractions, or percentages. You can present them in a report, on a train, or on a

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Is the SUS Too Antiquated?

The System Usability Scale (SUS) is one of the oldest standardized UX questionnaires. John Brooke is now retired; should the questionnaire he developed almost 40 years ago accompany him on the beach with a piña colada? After all, the SUS was developed when there were green-screen computer monitors. How can it possibly apply to mobile

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49 UX Metrics, Methods, & Measurement Articles from 2023

All of us at MeasuringU® wish you a Happy New Year! In 2023, we posted 49 articles and continued to add features to our MUiQ® UX testing platform to make it even easier to develop studies and analyze results. We hosted our eleventh UX Measurement Bootcamp, again as a blended virtual event with a combination

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Should You Report Numbers or Percentages in Small-Sample Studies?

“Don’t include numbers when reporting the results of small-sample research studies!” “If you must, definitely don’t use percentages!” “And of course, don’t even think about using statistics!” We regularly hear variations of this advice from well-intentioned researchers, often senior ones. In 2005, we encountered this debate among UX professionals when we participated in a workshop

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UX and NPS Benchmarks of Hotel Websites (2023)

Planning your next vacation can be both exciting and overwhelming. Most travelers do their research and make reservations for flights, activities, and accommodations online. In particular, hotel websites offer the convenience of browsing, comparing, and booking hotels from anywhere. Hotel bookings and revenue have recovered from the depths of the pandemic. Yet with all this

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How to Compare Two Dependent Proportions

In math class, we spend a lot of time learning fractions because they are so important in everyday life (e.g., budgeting, purchasing at the grocery store). Fractions are also used extensively in UX research (e.g., the fundamental completion rate is a fraction), typically expressed as percentages or proportions. Unfortunately, fractions are also hard to learn,

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